Paul Danove, «Distinguishing Goal and Locative Complements of New Testament Verbs of Transference.», Vol. 20 (2007) 51-66
This study develops a rigorous method for distinguishing the Goal or Locative function of dative case noun phrase and ei0j and pro/j prepositional phrase required complements of NT verbs that designate transference. The discussion examines the manner in which Greek verbs grammaticalize the event of transference and proposes a semantic feature, ±animate, which specifies whether the entity designated by the complement is or is not attributed with the characteristics of a living being. An investigation of all occurrences of the dative case, ei0j, and pro/j required verbal complements then permits a distinction in their function as either Goal or Locative based on their animacy. The study concludes with an investigation of the constraints that these verbs place on the interpretation of their required complements.
64 Paul Danove
He sent them [in]to Joppa (Acts (10,8)
ἀπέστειλεν αá½Ï„οὺς εἰς τὴν Ἰόππην
Because of this, God handed them over to passions of dishonor (Rom 1,26)
διὰ τοῦτο παÏέδωκεν αá½Ï„οὺς ὠθεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας.
The NT presents no occurrence of a –animate Theme with a +animate
εἰς complement.
The +animate Theme appears with a +animate εἰς complement on
eight occasions with six verbs, and the εἰς complement functions as a
Locative24:
I will send you far away among the Gentiles (Acts 22,21)
á¼Î³á½¼ εἰς ἔθνη μακÏὰν á¼Î¾Î±Ï€Î¿ÏƒÏ„ελῶ σε
Send us among the pigs so that we may enter into them (Mark 5,12)
πέμψον ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς χοίÏους ἵνα εἰς αá½Ï„οὺς εἰσέλθωμεν.
These examples clarify a distinction in the conceptualization of the
locale of the Theme at the termination of transference between –ani-
mate Goal complements and +animate Locative complements. With the
–animate εἰς complement, the Theme ultimately is in contact with or
penetrating the Goal entity itself. With the +animate εἰς complements, the
Theme is in contact with or penetrating not the Locative entities them-
selves (always plural or collective, as with δῆμος, people) but an area or
volume bounded by the Locative entities. Thus, in the +animate examples,
the Gentiles (Acts 22,21) bound the stable area for Paul’s future ministry;
and the stable area bounded by the pigs (Mark 5,12) becomes the staging
area for Legion’s subsequence entrance into the pigs.
These considerations permit the formulation of the following descrip-
tive rule:
(1), Acts 17,10; á¼ÎºÏ†á½³Ïω (1), Acts 5,15; ἕλκω (2), Acts 16,19; Jas 2,6; á¼Î¼Î²á½±Î»Î»Ï‰ (1), Luke
12,5; á¼Î¼Î²Î¹Î²á½±Î¶Ï‰ (1), Acts 27,6; á¼Î¾á½±Î³Ï‰ (1), Acts 21,38; á¼Î¾Î±Ï€Î¿ÏƒÏ„έλλω (3), Acts 7,12; 9,30;
Gal 4,6; καθίημι (1), Luke 5,19; κατάγω (3), Acts 9,30; 23,20.28; μετατίθημι (1), Gal 1,6;
μετοικίζω (1), Acts 7,4; παÏαδίδωμι (27), Matt 10,17.21a.[21b]; 17,22; 24,9; 26,45; Mark
9,31; 13,9.12a.[12b]; 14,41; Luke 9,44; 21,12; 24,7.20; Acts 8,3; 14,26; 21,11; 22,4; 28,17;
Rom 1,24.26.28; 6,17; 2 Cor 4,11; Eph 4,19; 2 Pet 2,4; παÏαλαμβάνω (3), Matt 4,5.8; 27,27;
παÏατίθημι (1), Luke 23,46; πέμπω (6), Matt 2,8; Luke 4,26; 15,15; 16,27; Acts 10,5; 15,22;
Ï€Ïοπέμπω (2), Acts 20,38; 2 Cor 1,16; ῥίπτω (2), Luke 4,35; 17,2; σκοÏπίζω (1), John
16,32; συνάγω (4), John 11,52; Rev 16,14.16; 20,8; τίθημι (3), Acts 4,3; 12,4; 13,29; φέÏω
(1), Acts 12,10.
The +animate Theme with a +animate εἰς complement (8 occurrences): ἀποστέλλω
24
(3), Matt 15,24; Luke 11,49; Acts 26,17; δίδωμι (1), 1 Thess 4,8; á¼Î¾Î±Ï€Î¿ÏƒÏ„έλλω (1), Acts
22,21; κατάγω (1), Acts 23,15; πέμπω (1), Mark 5,12; Ï€Ïοάγω (1), Acts 17,5.
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