41 Christological implications of the three-fold interpretation of verbs apostles (Source) into heaven (Goal)21. Although this conceptualization places primary grammatical emphasis on the Goal, the realization of the non-required Source (from you / apostles) extends to the Source greater emphasis than if it were left unrealized. This dual emphasis at the end of 1,1-11 provides an appropriate narrative introduction to the following content of Acts, which is concerned with the heavenly ministry of Jesus and the earthly ministry of the apostles. Luke-Acts never explicitly iden- tifies the Agent instigator of Jesus’ ascension because every verb of trans- ference that describes this event (ἀναλαμβάνω, ἀναφέρω, and ἐπαίρω) admits to a three-fold interpretation in every occurrence. The nature of the action, however, recommends the further interpretation as a theologi- cal passive because, with the exclusion of Jesus as Agent, no one but God or God’s delegates can be the referent of the Agent. A theological passive interpretation of 1,11 also coheres with God’s explicit agency in raising Jesus (Patient) from the dead (Acts 3,15; 4,10; 5,30; 10,40; 13,30)22. Thus, this traditional interpretation is narratively and thematically viable. With the second interpretation, Jesus (Theme) ascends from the apostles (Source) to heaven (Goal). The conceptualization of motion pla- ces primary emphasis on the required Source (apostles) and secondary emphasis on the Goal (heaven). The realization of the non-required Goal, however, again establishes a dual grammatical emphasis that appropria- tely introduces the following content of Acts. This interpretation coheres thematically and grammatically with the interpretation of the ascension as an event of motion indicated in the use of “go” (πορεύομαι, Acts 1,10.11) to describe the same event and establishes a parallel between Jesus’ present going and end-time coming (ἔρχομαι, 1,11)23. Since the verb with a usage of motion does not require completion by an Agent, it continues to accommodate a theological passive interpretation, at least with respect to God or God’s delegates as the instigator of Jesus’ ascension. Thus, the second interpretation is narratively, thematically, and grammatically viable in this context. With the third interpretation, Jesus (Agent) brings himself (Theme) up from the apostles (Source) to heaven (Goal). Although the dual gram- matical emphasis provides an appropriate narrative introduction to the thematic content of Acts, the application of the strong agentive property of instigation receives no thematic support elsewhere in Acts, in which These English translations follow the interpretation of the Vg: “hic Iesus, qui as- 21 sumptus est a vobis in coelum, sic veniet quemadmodum vidistis eum euntem in coelum”. J.A. Fitzmyer, The Gospel According to Luke X-XXIV (2 vols.; AB 28A; Garden 22 City, NY 1986) 1645. E. Haenchen, The Acts of the Apostles: A Commentary (Philadelphia 1971) 151, and 23 L.T. Johnson, The Acts of the Apostles (SPS 5; Collegeville 1992) 17, present arguments in favor the of the interpretation that ἔρχομαι in 1,11 refers to the parousia.