Paul Danove, «Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: a Study of Focus and Perspective.», Vol. 19 (2006) 53-71
This article identifies 102 New Testament verbs that designate
transference and describes alternative usages of these verbs as derivates of
motion and state. The discussion first considers the manner in which verbs
grammaticalize the event of transference by assuming a particular focus
and perspective on its elements and by indicating the degree of affectedness
of the subject. The study then develops the usages of motion and state in
terms of the exclusion of elements of the event of transference and changes
in focus and perspective. A concluding discussion summarizes the results of
the investigation.
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Verbs of Transference and their Derivatives of Motion and State...
of motion. The verb, ἄγω, appears with a variant in which the verb
lexically realizes only an Agent and Source and provides no mechanism
for retrieving the Goal. The resulting active transitive usage of Motion
from a Source (#11 on chart) is a secondary usage because it provides
no mechanism for retrieving the Goal. A second verb, αἴÏω (take away
/ come away), is restricted to this secondary usage of Motion from a
Source:
(Trans.) Then the devil comes and takes away the word from their heart.
(Luke 8,12)
εἷτα á¼”Ïχεται ὠδιάβολος καὶ αἴÏει τὸν λόγον ἀπὸ τῆς καÏδίας
αá½Ï„ῶν
(Mot.) … for its fullness comes away from the garment … (Matt 9,16)
… αἴÏει Î³á½°Ï Ï„á½¸ πλήÏωμα αá½Ï„οῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου …
The second variant is restricted to Ï€Ïοάγω (bring before / go before,
precede), which conceives the motion in relation to another entity, which
the verb raises to the status of a required verbal argument. Thus, in this
anomalous active usage of motion, the verb requires three arguments and
is ditransitive. This raised argument functions both as a Locative because
it is the “fixed point†in relation to which the motion is conceived and as
a Theme because it is attributed with motion from one place to another.
This argument, which must be definite when null, is lexically realized as
an accusative case noun phrase:
(Trans.) …therefore, I brought him before you (Acts 25,26)
… διὸ Ï€Ïοήγαγον αá½Ï„ὸν á¼Ï†â€™ ὑμῶν
(Mot.) …I will go before you [in]to Galilee (Mark 14,28)
...Ï€Ïοάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν.
In general the translations of verbs in the active usages of motion
require the use of the general English verbs of motion, come or go,
plus a qualifying adverb17. The resulting English translations, therefore,
frequently fail to capture the exact quality of motion that is present in
Greek:
In light of the discussion below (sec. 3.2), the absence of examples of the same English
17
verb designating both transference and motion suggests that English, unlike Greek, does
not permit derivatives of motion that focus exclusively on the initiation of the event.