Paul Danove, «The Licensing Properties of New Testament Verbs of Non-Spoken Communication», Vol. 24 (2011) 41-58
This article resolves the semantic, syntactic, and lexical requirements for the grammatical use of the twenty-nine New Testament verbs that designate communication without a necessary reference to speaking. The discussion establishes criteria for distinguishing verbal usages, identifies four basic usages of non-spoken communication, and examines the conditions for the permissible omission of required complements. The presentation of the licensing properties of verbs with the four basic usages clarifies the similarities and dissimilarities in the realizations of complements for verbs of non-spoken and spoken communication and illustrates two further usages that are restricted to verbs of non-spoken communication. The concluding discussion considers patterns in the distribution of complements and usages among verbs of non-spoken communication.
54 Paul Danove
and AEC) but do not realize the second (C and E) argument, which is
co-referential to the Agent. Instead, the verbs omit the co-referential sec-
ond complement, change from their active base forms with Usages ACE
and AEC and to passive base forms, and raise only the Agent and either
the Experiencer or the Content as complements. The usage descriptions
highlight the suppressed complement of the passive-reflexive usages by
placing it in double brackets: A[[C]]E and A[[E]]C.
6.1. Usage A[[C]]E (Agent [[Content]] Experiencer)
Usage A[[C]]E suppresses the co-referential Content complement
and uses passive base forms. The suppressed Content occurs with the
N+dat Experiencer with one verb (1). Although this usage has no parallel
among verbs of spoken communication in the NT, it appears with verbs
of non-spoken communication in the LXX, as in the second example:
ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ ἀνεγνωρίσθη 'Ιωσὴφ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς αὐτοὐ (Acts 7,13)
On the second [visit], Joseph made himself known to his brothers.
ἐγνωρίσθην τῷ σπέρματι οἴκου Ιακωβ (Ezek 20,5)
I made myself known to the offspring of the house of Jacob.
6.2. Usage A[[E]]C (Agent [[Experiencer]] Content)
Like Usage A[[C]]E, Usage A[[E]]C suppresses the second complement,
in this case the Experiencer, which is co-referential to the Agent; and the
verbs adopt passive base forms. The suppressed Experiencer occurs with
the N+acc, N+gen, and DNC Topic with two verbs (5).23 Although this
usage has no parallel among verbs of spoken communication in the NT,
it appears with verbs of non-spoken communication in the LXX, as in
the second example:
ὑπεμνήσθη ὁ Πέτρος τοῦ ῥήματος τοῦ κυρίου (Luke 22,61)
Peter recalled to himself [=remembered] the word of the Lord.
ὄνομα θεῶν ἑτέρων οὐκ ἀναμνησθήσεσθε (Exod 23,13)
You will not recall to yourselves [=remember] the name of other gods.
23
[[E]]/C, [[E]]/N+acc: ἀναμιμνῄσκω (3), Mark 14,72; 2 Cor 7,15; Heb 10,32; [[E]]/
N+gen: ὑπομιμνῄσκω (1), Luke 22,61; [[E]]/DNC: ἀναμιμνῄσκω (1), Mark 11,21.
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