Dean B. Deppe, «Markan Christology and the Omission of υἱοῦ θεοῦ in Mark 1:1», Vol. 21 (2008) 45-64
In the last years a new consensus has arisen in textual critical circles that favors the omission of 'Son of God' from the prologue of Mark’s gospel.
The new angle by which I want to approach this problem is to investigate its significance for Markan Christology. I will argue that the shorter Markan prologue, 'The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ' does not sufficiently capture Mark’s theology of the person of Jesus. The paper includes two sections, the first discussing Markan Christology and the second evaluating the textual evidence. In the Christological section I first challenge the assertion that Peter’s confession of Jesus’ Messiahship (8:27-30) is the turning point of the Gospel of Mark. Then I demonstrate that an additional title like suffering Son of Man or Son of God is necessary to adequately capture Mark’s Christology. Finally, I argue that Matthew and John have similarly positioned crucial Christological titles in the prologues of their gospels. In the textual critical section I provide evidence for the inclusion of 'Son of God' at Mk. 1:1 and argue that the omission of this title in a few manuscripts must have occurred through periblepsis occasioned by homoioteleuton.
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Markan Christology and the Omission Of υἱοῦ θεοῦ in Mark 1:1
11:10; 12:35-37) because it must be supplemented by an emphasis upon
Jesus’ passion in chapters 14-15.34 The title “Son of David†is first employ-
ed by Bartimaeus whose healing serves as the concluding element of the
frame around the teaching about the cross in 8:27-10:45 which begins
with the two-step healing of the blind man in Mk. 8:22-26. Just as the title
“Messiah†is identified by Mark with partial sight (8:23-25,32a) until one
receives the additional spiritual insight into Jesus as the suffering Son of
Man (8:31), so Bartimaeus experiences full sight by not only calling Jesus
“Son of David†(10:47-48) but also by following along the way (10:52)
to Jesus’ passion in Jerusalem.35 Bartimaeus thus becomes the paradigm
disciple. In addition, the identification of the title “Son of David†with
the healing tradition (Mt. 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30; 21:9 connected with
highest heaven; Mk. 10:47) alters the conception of a political Messiah so
that the term can more appropriately apply to Jesus.
The titles “Son of God†and “Son of Man†are appropriate monikers
for Jesus according to Markan theology since they express both Jesus’
glory and his suffering. The designation “Son of God†is employed when
Jesus displays his glory (1:11; 9:7) and his passion (15:39). An eschato-
logical splitting (σχίζω) of the heavens and the temple veil occur when
Jesus is baptized with power (1:10) but also when he is crucified in
weakness (15:38). At Jesus’ baptism the voice from heaven alludes to a
combination of Ps. 2:7 with Is. 42:1 so that a Son of David royal Christo-
logy is set alongside suffering servant terminology. Then, when the voice
from heaven speaks again at Jesus’ transfiguration (9:7), the disciples
misunderstand the message (9:5-6) because they must first follow Jesus
down the mountain to the cross (9:11-13). Finally, the confession of the
Gentile centurion becomes the third “voice from heaven†where Jesus’
true identity is proclaimed to all nations. The timing of the confession
at the precise point of Jesus’ death indicates that the title “Son of Godâ€
includes within it an acknowledgement of Jesus’ suffering36. Likewise, the
title “Son of God†is assigned to Jesus when Mark talks about the coming
of the glorious Day of the Lord (13:32), but also when the beloved Son is
killed by the tenants (12:6).
Kingsbury, Christology, 108, states, “Nevertheless, Mark furthermore shows that ‘cor-
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rect’ as it is to apply the title Son of David to Jesus, it, like the title the Messiah in 8:29, only
‘insufficiently’ describes him.†(see also pp. 113 -114).
Matera, “Prologue as Interpretive Key,†299 explains, “Only Bartimaeus, who ac-
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claims Jesus as the Son of David (10:47-48), seems to understand something of Jesus’ person
inasmuch as he follows him ‘on the way’ (10:52), an expression which refers to the destiny
facing Jesus.â€
Likewise, the title “Son of God†is assigned to Jesus when Mark talks about the com-
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ing of the glorious Day of the Lord (13:32), but also when the beloved Son is killed by the
tenants (12:6).