Paul Danove, «A Comparison Of The Usage Of Akouw And Akouw- Compounds In The Septuagint And New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 65-86
This study characterizes all occurrences of
a0kou/w and seven related verbs (a0ntakou/w,
diakou/w, ei0sakou/w,
e0nakou/w, e0pakou/w,
parakou/w, and u9pakou/w)
in the Septuagint and New Testament according to their semantic and
syntactic properties, develops a single set of rules to describe the
distribution of noun phrase objects of these verbs, and then compares the
patterns of usage of these verbs in the Septuagint and New Testament. A
preliminary discussion identifies the semantic and syntactic properties
necessary to describe all biblical occurrences of
a0kou/w and proposes a set of descriptive rules that govern the
syntactic case of its noun phrase objects. Further investigation then
indicates that this same set of rules with only one minor modification
also is adequate to describe the syntactic case of noun phrase objects of
the noted a0kou/w-compounds. The discussion
concludes by comparing the distribution of noun phrase objects in
particular syntactic cases within the Septuagint and New Testament.
Paul Danove
78
terized by [+ speaker], and to subjects characterized [+ response].29 Thus
the first classical rule is consistently valid in the LXX and NT.
Rule #2: the person speaking appears in the genitive.
The analysis revealed that the genitive case requirement is always valid
for the content construction with objects characterized by [+ speaker]
(sec. 1.3.1.), whether or not the subject registers a response [± response]
but is never valid for the topic construction (sec. 1.2.1.) 30. Thus the sec-
ond classical rule is not consistently valid as stated.
Rule #3: the sound which one hears is in the genitive, unless it is a
speech, lovgo", which may be in either the genitive or the
accusative.
The analysis of sec. 1.3.1. indicates that this rule is not consistently
valid for non-speaker objects of the content construction in the LXX and
NT. However, that analysis established a basis for reformulating the clas-
29
There are 44 (out of 55) occurrences of object noun phrases of indirect perception
characterized by the feature [+ response], 30 in the LXX and 14 in the NT: Exod 2:15;
18:1; Num 30:5; Deut 4:6; 1 Sam 2:23; 3:11; 2 Sam 13:21; 1 Kgs 3:28; 8:42; 10:1; 2
Chr 9:1; Esth 1:18; Jdt 4:1; Tob 14:15; 1 Macc 8:12; 10:15, 22, 88; 2 Macc 11:24; 14:15;
3 Macc 4:12; Ps 131:6; Job 2:11; Wis 11:13; Isa 16:6; 33:15; 48:7; Jer 40:9; 43:3; 48:11;
Matt 11:2; 24:6; Mark 13:7; Luke 9:7; 21:9; Acts 7:12; 17:32a; 23:16; 28:15; Eph 1:15;
4:21; Col 1:4; 2 Thess 3:11; Phlm 5. The remaining 11eleven occurrences (4 in the LXX
and 7 in the NT) are characterized by the feature [– response]: Jdt 11:8, 9; Isa 66:19;
Jer 26:12; Acts 5:11b; Gal 1:13; Eph 3:2; Phil 1:27; Jas 5:11; 1 Jn 4:3; 3 Jn 4.
30
There are 96 occurrences of object noun phrases of direct perception characterized
by the features [+ response, + speaker]: Gen 23:5, 8, 11, 13, 16; 27:5, 6, 8; 28:7; 37:17;
41:15; Exod 18:19; Num 11:10; Deut 10:10; 13:12; Judg 19:25; 1 Sam 8:19; 13:4; 2
Sam 22:45; 1Kgs 12:15, 16; 15:20; 16:16; 2 Kgs 16:9; 17:14 [A]; 1 Chr 28:2; 2 Chr
10:15; 15:2; 16:4; 20:20; 28:11; 1 Es 5:63, 66; Jdt 8:11, 32; 14:1; Tob 6:12a, 12b [S],
13, 16; 1 Macc 2:19, 65; 5:61; 4 Macc 10:18; Ps 33:12; 80:8, 14; Prov 1:33; 5:7; 7:24;
8:32; 23:22; Job 29:21; 30:20; 32:11; 33:31 [A], 33; 34:2; 42:4; Sir 3:1; 16:24; 19:9;
31:22; 33:19; Zech 3:8; Isa 36:16; 46:3; 51:1, 4a, 7, 21; 55:2 [A, S, R]; Jer 7:13, 24,
26; 13:11 [A, S]; 17:24 [A], 27 [R]; 25:7; 33:4, 5, 7; 34:9; 41:17; 42:16; 44:14 [A, S];
45:15; 51:5, 16; Bar 2:30; Ezek 2:2, 8; Dan 6:23 [Sy]; 8:13; 10:9 ; 12:7; Matt 2:9;
Mark 6:20a; 7:14; 12:28; 14:58; Luke 2:46, 47; 10:16a; 16:31; 18:36; John 1:37; 3:29;
6:60; 7:32; Acts 2:6, 11; 3:22, 23; 4:19; 6:11, 14; 8:30; 10:46; 14:9; 15:13; 17:32;
18:26; 22:22; 24:24; 25:22b; 26:29; Rev 6:1, 5. The remaining 59 occurrences (25 in
the LXX and 34 in the NT) are characterized by the features [– response, + speaker]:
Gen 49:2; Exod 19:9; Num 20:10; Deut 1:17; 18:14, 15; Josh 1:17a, 17b; Judg 9:7; 2
Sam 18:5; 2 Chr 10:16; 1 Macc 8:16; Eccl 7:21; Cant 2:8 [S]; Job 15:17; 31:35; 32:10;
33:31 [A], 33; 34:10; 42:5; Isa 48:12; 49:1; 51:4b; Jer 17:23; 41:14; Dan 9:6 [Sy];
Matt 17:5; 18:15; Mark 6:11, 20b; 9:7; 12:37; 14:58; Luke 6:18; 9:35; 10:16b; 15:1;
16:29; 19:48; 21:38; John 9:31a, 31b; 10:8, 20; 11:41, 42; Acts 15:12; 24:4; 25:22a;
26:3; Rom 10:14; 1 Tim 4:16; 1 John 4:5, 6a, 6b; 5:14, 15; Rev 5:13 [accusative]; 6:3;
8:13; 16:5, 7.
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