10,42) and the beloved disciple (13,1 -> 21,25). In the central unit (11, -> 12,50), which serves as a link between the two sections, the Father intervenes by rising up Lazarus (11,41-44) and makes His own voice heard from heaven (12,28); through these events the Father bears the supreme witness to Jesus. In this way, the Gospel appears as a testimonial triptych with a christological purpose." />
Luis Sánchez Navarro, «Estructura testimonial del Evangelio de Juan», Vol. 86 (2005) 511-528
Following the Prologue (John 1,1-18), the Gospel of John is demarcated by an inclusio which extends from 1,19 ("And this is the witness of John") to 21,24 ("This is the disciple who bears witness"). This Gospel contains a multiple witness to Jesus as Messiah and as Son of God (cf. 20,31), organized around two main characters: John (1,19 -> 10,42) and the beloved disciple (13,1 -> 21,25). In the central unit (11, -> 12,50), which serves as a link between the two sections, the Father intervenes by rising up Lazarus (11,41-44) and makes His own voice heard from heaven (12,28); through these events the Father bears the supreme witness to Jesus. In this way, the Gospel appears as a testimonial triptych with a christological purpose.