Steven James Schweitzer, «The High Priest in Chronicles: An Anomaly in a Detailed Description of the Temple Cult», Vol. 84 (2003) 388-402
The high and chief priests mentioned in both the genealogy of 1Chr 6,1-15 and the narrative of Chronicles (Zadok and Hilkiah) are compared with priests mentioned only in the narrative (the Azariah under Uzziah, the Azariah under Hezekiah, and Jehoiada); the Amariah under Jehoshaphat, possibly Amariah II in 1 Chr 6,11, is treated separately. This article concludes: Chronicles has not enhanced the Zadokite high priests; the three priests not mentioned in the genealogy are presented with increased cultic roles which delineate some of their duties; leading priests in Chronicles operate within the cultic sphere while their precise ceremonial role is unclear.
However, the middle of the list was more fluid and provided the opportunity for expansion, both by Josephus and the Chronicler5. Third, the distinction between "high" and "chief" priest in the Hebrew Bible is blurred by Josephus who uses the same term, o( a)rxiereu/j, for both titles.
b) The Genealogy of 1 Chr 6,1-15
The genealogy in 1 Chr 6,1-15, is a composite text constructed from a variety of sources. The sequence "Levi, Kohath, Amram" is taken from the Priestly source6. This beginning supports the claim that "all priests are Levites, but all Levites are not priests"7.
The sequence "Ahitub, Zadok, Ahimaaz, Azariah" is gleaned from the narrative in DtrH; this then presents Zadok I as David’s Zadok, which is a temporal problem for Azariah II being the priest in the new temple under Solomon (1 Chr 6,10; cf. 1 Kgs 4,1-4). A common resolution is to emend this temple claim and to apply it to Azariah I, which although lacking textual evidence, makes sense on chronological grounds if the genealogical material is to be read in conversation with the narratives that follow8. The selection of Amariah as the name for this additional necessary individual has apparently been taken from the duplicate sequence in the following list of "Amariah, Ahitub, Zadok". The sequences of Aaron through Meraioth and Azariah II through Seraiah apparently have been reproduced from Ezra 7,1-5.
The sequence "Azariah, Johanan, Azariah" is difficult to assess. Why Azariah I (from 1 Kings) and Azariah II (from Ezra 7) were not considered the same individual by the Chronicler has no easy answer. It may reflect the tendency towards expansion of lists rather than