This study explores numerical or distributional markedness in the verbal network of the Greek of the New Testament. It extends the systemic analysis of Porter (Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, 1989), making use of the Hallidayan concept of probabilistic grammar, which posits a typology of systems where features are either "equiprobable".both features are equally distributed (0.5/0.5).or "skewed".one feature is marked by its low frequency of occurrence (0.9/0.1). The results confirm that the verbal aspect system of the Greek of the New Testament is essentially independent of other verbal systems, such as voice and mood.

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«Conjunctions, Clines and Levels of Discourse.» 2007 3-14

The purpose of this study is to answer two basic questions concerning reflexive and reciprocal pronouns in the New Testament: (1) What are the syntactic constraints on reflexives, that determine when they may be used? (2) What are the semantic constraints that determine when in fact they are used? In answering the first question the author considers both reflexives and reciprocals and discuss the whole NT; for the second, the author attempts to suggest answers for third person reflexives and based only on the Pauline Epistles commonly recognized as authentic.

This study characterizes all occurrences of a0kou/w and seven related verbs (a0ntakou/w, diakou/w, ei0sakou/w, e0nakou/w, e0pakou/w, parakou/w, and u9pakou/w) in the Septuagint and New Testament according to their semantic and syntactic properties, develops a single set of rules to describe the distribution of noun phrase objects of these verbs, and then compares the patterns of usage of these verbs in the Septuagint and New Testament. A preliminary discussion identifies the semantic and syntactic properties necessary to describe all biblical occurrences of a0kou/w and proposes a set of descriptive rules that govern the syntactic case of its noun phrase objects. Further investigation then indicates that this same set of rules with only one minor modification also is adequate to describe the syntactic case of noun phrase objects of the noted a0kou/w-compounds. The discussion concludes by comparing the distribution of noun phrase objects in particular syntactic cases within the Septuagint and New Testament.

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«Distinguishing Goal and Locative Complements of New Testament Verbs of Transference.» 2007 51-66
«The Rhetoric of the Characterization of Jesus as the Son of Man and Christ in Mark» 2003 16-34
«Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: a Study of Focus and Perspective.» 2006 53-71
«le&gw Melding In The Septuagint And New Testament» 2003 19-31

Language and style are the inevitable starting points for evaluating and interpreting an individual text. Thus, a profound orientation in the field of Greek grammar has a regulating effect on all kinds of judgement of the character of a NT text. With the help of the use of the Greek Negation in 2Peter and the interpretation of 2:10 (pa=j ... ou0 ...) as a semitism the benefit of a continuous involvement in the usage and development of the Greek language can be demonstrated. Moreover, such an involvement will help to unveil other features of an author's capacity to express himself and contribute to an overall assessment of a specific text.

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«Ad fontes: Gewinn durch die Konsultation von Originalhandschriften am Beispiel von P. Vindob. G 31974» 2001 1-16

An article in Biblica by the present author outlined a proposed solution for the crux at Heb 5,7-8. The present article will attempt to put this proposed solution in the general and particular context of the structure of the first six chapters of the epistle. This contextualization should help indicate the intention of the author of Hebrews and thus clarify and further commend the proposed solution. The structure on which this contextualization is based is, like the solution to the crux at Heb 5,7-8, a suggestion, to be judged on the intrinsic merits or lack thereof of the arguments adduced.

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«Tw~n lalhqhsome/nwn in Hebrews 3,5» 2009 93-100
«o( a)po/stoloj in Hebrews 3,1» 2008 252-262
«  )Ec e(no/j in Hebrews 2,11» 2007 517-525
«The Crux at Hebrews 5,7-8» 2000 347-361
«Another Note on Lo/goj as Christ in Hebrews 4,12-13.» 2005 129-134
«ZEBACH TÔDÂ [hdwt xbz] in Tradition. A study of 'sacrifice of praise' in hebrew, greek and latin» 2002 65-86

Since 1881 most editors display an incorrect and misleading text at Mk 11,3d. Pa/lin is an intrusion. The TR is corroborated by Is 32,20, whence we learn that the righteous speedily send an ass to the Messiah.

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«Ἔνοχος (Mt 5, 21-22) and the Jurisprudence of Heaven.» 2006 89-97
«Jewish Law and Johaninne Vocabulary: a)lhqh&j at Jn 5,31-32; 7,18; 8,13. 17.» 2004 89-98
«The True Meaning Of Jn 9, 3-4» 2003 103-106
«The mission originates in captivation: a(lieu/w, pia/zw, su/rw, e3lkw. (JN 21:6-11)» 2002 95-109

The author continues the series of notes on the readings of Codex Bezae in the text of the Acts of the Apostles. In this issue he examines the variant readings found in Acts 7,23-8,1a, the second part of Stephen.s speech.

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«The Variant Readings of the Western Text of the Acts of the Apostles (XIX) (Acts 13:13-43).» 2007 127-146
«The Variant Readings of the Western Text of the Acts of the Apostles (XVIII).» 2006 99-112
«Confrontación en la iglesia primitiva: Los círculos hebreos y helenistas en la obra de Lucas (Evangelio y Hechos de los apóstoles).» 2005 45-84
«The Variant Readings of the Western Text of the Acts of the Apostles (XVII) (Acts 11:19–12:25).» 2005 135-166
«The Variant Readings of the Western Text of the Acts of the Apostles (XVI) (Acts 9:31–11:18).» 2004 45-88
«The variant readings of the western text of the acts of the Apostles (XV) (Acts 9:1-30)» 2003 133-145
«The variant readings of the western text of the acts of the apostles (XIII)» 2002 111-132