The Headings of the Psalms in the East Syriac Tradition Reconsidered In the first half of the previous century the headings of the Psalms in the East Syriac tradition received a lot of attention, continuing a tradition initiated by the work of Baethgen at the end of the Nineteenth Century. Important contributions were made by scholars such as Devreesse and Vosté. In the research the relationship between these headings and the Psalms Commentary of Theodore of Mopsuestia received special attention. In 1960 Bloemendaal published an edition of these headings (1). He used the oldest manuscript containing the Eastern heading as the basic manuscript for his diplomatic edition. This is manuscript 6t1 according to the notation used for the Leiden edition of the Peshitta of the Old Testament (2). Since the publication of Bloemendaal’s dissertation not much has been published on these headings. However, since 1960 a number of important new manuscripts became available, as well as a translation of the commentary of Theodore and a translation of the commentary of Diodore on the first fifty Psalms (3). This paper will deal with the light shed on the history of the East Syrian headings particularly by two manuscripts not available to Bloemendaal. Manuscript 12t4 contains at least four sets of headings for each Psalm, including the heading (1) W. BLOEMENDAAL, The Headings of the Psalms in the East Syrian Church (Leiden 1960). (2) Cf. PESHITTA INSTITUTE, List of Old Testament Peshitta Manuscripts (Preliminary Issue) (Leiden 1961). This notation will be used for the manuscripts studied in this article. In addition to the manuscripts, three editions containing the Psalms with Eastern headings are referred to as well. They are the following: ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY’S MISSION, Mazmôrâ deDawîd, Urmia, 1891 (Urmia Psalter = UP); C.J. DAVID – G. EBED-JESUS-KHAYYAT (eds.), Biblia Sacra juxta Versionem Simplicem quae dicitur Pschitta (Mosul 1887-1891) (republished with correction of mistakes by J.-M. VOSTÉ, Beirut 1951) (= M); J. PERKINS, Ket˝bâ qaddîπâ h˝n(aw): dediyatîqî cattîqtâ sûry˝’ît wepuπâ demen cebr˝’ît (Urmia 1852) (reprint Trinitarian Bible Society; London 1954) (= U). (3) R.C. HILL, Diodore of Tarsus. Commentary on Psalms 1-51 (Writings from the Greco-Roman World 9) (Atlanta, GA 2005), and Theodore of Mopsuestia. Commentary on Psalms 1-81 (Writings from the Greco-Roman World 5) (Atlanta, GA 2006).